Ni iki gituma icyuma gipima ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo byikora?

An icyuma cyo kugenzura kikora ikora binyuze mu kwimura ibicuruzwa ku mukandara upima ibiro hakoreshejwe sisitemu yo kohereza ibicuruzwa. Akazu k'imizigo gafite uburemere bukabije gapima uburemere bw'ibicuruzwa biri mu nzira. Akamashini gapima uburemere gagereranya ubu buremere n'ikintu cyagenwe mbere maze gakoresha igikoresho cyo kwanga kugira ngo gikure ibintu byose bitujuje ibisabwa ku murongo w'umusaruro.

Icyitonderwa:Amabwiriza nka NIST Handbook 133 ayobora iyubahirizwa ry’ibikubiye mu bipimo. Abapima ingano bafasha kugenzura ingano yanditseho, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi mu igenzura. Iri koranabuhanga ni ingenzi mu nganda nyinshi, harimo ibiribwa, amavuta yo kwisiga, n’imiti, ahoimashini ipima ibiro by'imiti ipima ibiro by'imiti ikoresha uburyo bwo kuyipimabireba ko ibintu ari ukuri.

Isoko ry'ibi bikoresho ku isi rikomeje kwiyongera.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Ibipimo byikora ku buryo bwikora Koresha icyuma gitwara ibicuruzwa, sensor, controller, na sisitemu yo kwanga ibicuruzwa kugira ngo upime ibicuruzwa bigenda ku murongo.
• Imashini igenzura uburemere bwa buri gicuruzwa ukurikije intego runaka. Ikuraho ibintu byoroheje cyane cyangwa biremereye cyane.
• Iyi gahunda ifasha amasosiyete kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge kandi byujuje ibisabwa n'amategeko.

Ibice by'ingenzi bya Checkweigher yikora

An icyuma cyo kugenzura kikora ni uburyo buhambaye bwubatswe mu bice bine by'ingenzi bikora mu buryo buhuye. Buri gice kigira uruhare rudasanzwe mu rugendo rw'umusaruro kuva ku murongo mukuru w'umusaruro kugera aho ugarukira, kandi uburemere bwemejwe. Gusobanukirwa ibi bice by'ingenzi bigaragaza uburyo imashini igera ku muvuduko wayo n'ubuhanga bwayo.

Sisitemu y'ibinyabiziga: Ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu n'ibintu mu kirere

Sisitemu yo kohereza ibicuruzwa ni yo shingiro ry’icyuma gipima uburemere. Ikora imirimo ibiri y’ingenzi: gutwara ibicuruzwa no gushyiraho umwanya ukwiye hagati yabyo kugira ngo bipime neza. Ubusanzwe sisitemu igizwe n’imikandara itatu: umukandara wo kohereza ibicuruzwa, umukandara wo kohereza ibicuruzwa, n’umukandara wo kohereza ibicuruzwa. Umukandara wo kohereza ibicuruzwa ugenzura intera iri hagati y’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ikintu kimwe gusa kiri ku mukandara wo kohereza ibicuruzwa icyarimwe.

Umuvuduko w'icyuma gitwara ibintu ukagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku buryo buboneye. Iyo ibintu bigenda vuba, icyuma gipima ibintu kigira umwanya muto wo gupima. Iki gihe gito cyongera amahirwe yo gukora amakosa aturutse ku bintu nk'imitingito yo hasi mu ruganda. Ibi bitanga itandukaniro hagati y'umuvuduko mwinshi n'ubuziranenge buhoraho. Sisitemu zigezweho zikemura ibi zikoresheje sensor zikora neza na algorithms z'ubwenge zo kuyungurura.

Inama:Ku bidukikije bisaba gusukurwa kenshi, nko mu nganda zikora ibiribwa n'imiti, akenshi ibyuma bitwara imizigo bikora ibikoresho biramba.Icyuma 304 gikozwe mu buryo bwa brushed stainlessni amahitamo asanzwe kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwihanganira ibikorwa bikomeye byo gusukura amazi, akenshi bigaragazwa n'igipimo cya IP69.

Inganda zitandukanye zisaba ubwoko butandukanye bw'imikandara yo kohereza ibicuruzwa kugira ngo zikore neza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye.

• Imashini zitwara amazi mu buryo bw'isuku n'ubwo gukaraba: Ibi ni ingenzi mu biribwa no mu mikorere y'imiti. Akenshi bakoresha imikandara ifunganye ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije no kwihanganira isuku ikomeye.
• Ibikoresho byo gutwara umukandara wo kumanuka/kugabanuka: Iyi mikandara ifite ubuso bugoye bwo kwimura ibicuruzwa mu burebure butandukanye nta kunyerera.
• Ibikoresho byo gutwaramo umukandara bifite umugozi: Ibi bifasha gutwara ibintu mu mfuruka, bigatuma biba ingirakamaro mu kongera umwanya wo hasi.
• Imikandara yihariye yo gutwara ibintu: Hari porogaramu zimwe na zimwe zisaba ibisubizo byihariye, nk'imikandara ikoresha imashini ifata ibintu byoroheje cyangwa imikandara ikoresha urumuri rw'inyuma ifasha mu kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'amaso.

Sensor yo gupima (Umutwaro w'Umutwaro): Kugira ngo ipime neza

Akazu k'umutwaro ni umutima w'icyuma gipima uburemere. Aka gakoresho gapima uburemere bwa buri gicuruzwa uko kanyura hejuru y'umukandara wo gupima uburemere. Ubwoko bubiri bw'ibanze bw'utuzu tw'umutwaro bukoreshwa mu bikoresho bigezweho byo gupima uburemere: Gusubiza imbaraga z'amashanyarazi (Electromagnetic Force Restoration - EMFR) n'igipimo cy'uburemere.

Uturemangingo twa EMFR tuzwiho ubuhanga bwatwo budasanzwe kandi ntitwibasirwa cyane n’ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe cyangwa imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe. Uturemangingo twa strain gauge dutanga igisubizo gihendutse, hamwe na zimwe mu ngero zikora neza zigera kuri 0.01 g (10 mg) nta giciro kiri hejuru cy’ikoranabuhanga rya EMFR.

Guhitamo hagati yabyo akenshi biterwa n'ukuri kwihariye kwa porogaramu n'ibisabwa mu ngengo y'imari.

Ibintu bidukikije bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo bufatika ku buryo bugaragara ku kazu k’umutwaro. Ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe rituma ibikoresho byaguka cyangwa bigacika, ibyo bikaba byahindura umusaruro w’icyuma gipima ibintu bigatuma imiterere yacyo idakwiye. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, imitingito ituruka ku mashini ziri hafi aho itera "urusaku" rwa mashini rushobora kwangiza uburyo ibipimo bipimirwamo. Gushyiraho neza no gukoresha uburyo bugezweho bwo kuyungurura ni ingenzi mu gutandukanya kazu k’umutwaro n’ibi bibazo.

Umugenzuzi: Ubwonko bw'igikorwa

Igenzura, cyangwa Human-Machine Interface (HMI), ni ubwonko bw'icyuma kigenzura kiyikora. Gitunganya ikimenyetso cy'uburemere giturutse ku kazu k'umutwaro, kikagereranya n'imipaka yo kwihanganira, kandi kigategeka uburyo bwo kwanga.

Imashini zigezweho zikoresha ecran nini kandi zigezweho zoroshye imikorere. Abakoresha bashobora gukoresha HMI kugira ngo:

• Shyiraho ibicuruzwa bishya ugena uburemere bw'ibipimo n'aho ubushobozi bwo hejuru n'ubwo hasi bugarukira.
• Reba amakuru y'umusaruro mu gihe nyacyo, harimo n'uburemere bwa buri kintu.
• Reba raporo zirambuye z'ibarurishamibare kugira ngo ushobore gusesengura igenzura ry'ubuziranenge.

Iyi controller ni urubuga rukomeye rw'amakuru. Ishobora kwandika amakuru mu buryo nka CSV kugira ngo byoroshye kwinjiza muri porogaramu za spreadsheet cyangwa PRN kugira ngo icapwe mu buryo butaziguye. Aya makuru ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo akurikiranwe neza kandi akurikize amategeko. Abagenzuzi benshi bahuza neza na sisitemu zo mu ruganda nka Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) na Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). Iyi connection, akenshi ikoresha protocole nka Ethernet / IP cyangwa OPC-UA, ituma habaho gusangira amakuru mu buryo nyabwo no gukurikirana ibikorwa mu kigo cyose.

Uburyo bwo Kwanga: Gutondeka no Gukuraho Ibicuruzwa

Itsinda uburyo bwo kwanga ni cyo gice cya nyuma muri iki gikorwa. Iyo umugenzuzi amaze kubona ko ibicuruzwa bifite ibiro bike cyangwa birengeje urugero, akoresha iki gikoresho kugira ngo akuremo ikintu kitujuje ibisabwa ku murongo w’umusaruro. Ibi byemeza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje uburemere gusa ari byo bikomeza ku cyiciro gikurikiraho.

Ubwoko bw'icyuma cyakwanga gikoreshwa biterwa n'uburemere bw'igicuruzwa, imiterere yacyo, n'ubudakomeye bwacyo. Uburyo bwa none bwo kwanga bushobora gukora ku muvuduko wo hejuru cyane, hamwe na sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zo mu kirere zishobora kwanga amapaki 250 ku munota.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo kwanga bugizwe n'ibi bikurikira:

Mu gutondekanya neza ibicuruzwa, uburyo bwo kwanga buzuza umurongo wo kugenzura ubuziranenge, bugatuma ikintu cyose kiva mu murongo cyuzuza ibisabwa.

Uburyo bwo gupima no gutondeka intambwe ku yindi

Ibice bine by'ingenzi bya icyuma cyo kugenzura kikora gukorera hamwe mu buryo bunoze kandi bukurikiranye. Ubu buryo butuma buri gicuruzwa gipimwa, kigashyirwa mu byiciro, kandi kigatondekwa neza mu masegonda make. Buri ntambwe yubakira ku ya nyuma, bigatuma habaho urujya n'uruza rudahindagurika ruva ku murongo mukuru w'umusaruro rujya ku gice cya nyuma cyo gupakira.

Intambwe ya 1: Gushyira hamwe ibicuruzwa n'aho ibicuruzwa biherereye

Iyi gahunda itangirira ku imashini itwara ibicuruzwa. Uyu mukandara ufata ibicuruzwa bivuye ku murongo mukuru w’ibicuruzwa ukabitegura gupima. Akazi kawo k’ibanze ni ugushyiraho icyuho gihoraho hagati ya buri kintu. Intera ikwiye ni ingenzi kuko umukandara upima ibicuruzwa ushobora gupima ibicuruzwa kimwe icyarimwe. Imashini itwara ibicuruzwa ikunze kwiruka ku muvuduko utandukanye n’uwo murongo mukuru kugira ngo igere kuri iri tandukaniro.

Gutandukanya ibicuruzwa neza bitera ibibazo bikomeye by'imikorere n'ibiciro. Iyo ibintu byegeranye cyane, sisitemu ntishobora kubona isuzuma nyaryo.

• Amakosa abiri ku bicuruzwa: Iyo hari amapaki abiri ku mukandara wo gupima icyarimwe, imashini ntishobora kuyapima ukwayo. Yanze ko ibyo bintu byombi "bidashobora gupimwa."
• Igipimo cyo kwangwa cyiyongereye: Aya makosa atuma sisitemu yanga ibicuruzwa byiza cyane, bigatuma ibicuruzwa bitakaza umusaruro bitari ngombwa.
• Imyanda y'ibikoresho: Ibintu bikonje cyangwa bikonjeshejwe byanze neza bishobora kwangirika iyo bidasubiwemo ako kanya.
• Kugabanya Ubuziranenge bwo Gupima: Bamwe mu bakoresha imodoka bihutisha umuyoboro w’itumanaho kugira ngo birinde amakosa abiri y’ibicuruzwa. Ibi bigabanya igihe cyo gupima buri kintu, ibyo bigatuma ubuziranenge bugabanuka muri rusange.
• Ubwinshi bw'Ibyuzuza Bwongerewe: Kugira ngo basubizeho ubuziranenge buke, abakora ibicuruzwa bashobora kuzuza ibipaki byinshi kugira ngo birinde kugwa munsi y'uburemere ntarengwa. Iyi mpano y'ibicuruzwa by'ubuntu ishobora kongeramo ibiro ibihumbi by'imyanda buri mwaka.

Intambwe ya 2: Gupima mu buryo bugenda ku mukandara wo gupima

Iyo bishyizwe ahantu heza, ibicuruzwa byimukira ku mukandara wo gupima. Uyu muyoboro ushyirwa hejuru y'agasanduku k'imizigo. Mu gihe gito, ibicuruzwa ni byo byonyine biri ku gipimo, bituma agasanduku k'imizigo gafata uburemere bwako. Ibi byitwa "gupima mu buryo bugenda" cyangwa "gupima mu buryo buhindagurika".

Kugira ngo hamenyekane neza, uburebure bw'umukandara wo gupima bugomba kuba nibura inshuro 1.5 z'uburebure bw'igicuruzwa. Iri tegeko rituma sisitemu igira igihe gihagije cyo kumenya no gupima ikintu neza mbere y'uko ikindi kigera.

Ahantu ho mu nganda akenshi haba huzuyemo imitingito ituruka ku zindi mashini. Uru "rusaku" rushobora kubangamira akantu k'umutwaro gafite uburemere kandi bigatera imiterere idahwitse. Kugira ngo ibi bikemuke, abapima ibiro bakoresha uburyo bwa digitale bwo kuyungurura kugira ngo bamenye ikimenyetso cy'uburemere nyacyo.

• Gushungura uburebure bw'umurambararo (Variable-Bandwidth Filter) ihindura imiterere y'akayunguruzo ishingiye ku muvuduko w'umuyoboro kugira ngo igumane ubuziranenge mu bihe bitandukanye.
• Akayunguruzo k'amanota menshi ya dijitali kwibanda no gukuraho urusaku rw'igihe runaka rubaho ku murongo runaka.
• A Algorithm ya 1-D Kalman Filter bifasha kumenya uburemere nyakuri bw'ibintu byihuta kurusha uburyo bworoshye bwo gupima.
• Akayunguruzo gashingiye ku ishusho (SBFs) koresha icyitegererezo cy'uburyo aside y'umutwaro ikora kugira ngo uhagarike kuzungazunga no gushimangira uburemere bw'ibiro vuba.

Intambwe ya 3: Gutunganya amakuru no gufata icyemezo cyo gutsinda/gutsindwa

Uko akazu k'umutwaro gapima uburemere, kohereza ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi kuri ka kazu k'umugenzuzi. Kazu k'umugenzuzi gahita gahindura iki kimenyetso mo agaciro k'uburemere. Hanyuma kagereranya iki kimenyetso n'uburemere bw'intego n'imipaka yo kwihanganira umukoresha yashyize muri sisitemu. Uku kugereranya bivamo icyemezo cyo gutsinda/gutsindwa.

Sisitemu nyinshi zikoresha uburyo bwo gushyira ibintu mu byiciro bitatu. Abakoresha bashyiraho imipaka ibiri y'uburemere, ibyo bikaba ari byo birema ibyiciro bitatu bitandukanye.

• Agace ka 1: Ubwinshi bw'ibiro buke: Igicuruzwa icyo ari cyo cyose kiri munsi y'umupaka uri hasi.
• Agace ka 2: Uburemere bukwiye: Igicuruzwa icyo ari cyo cyose kiri hagati y'ibipimo byo hasi n'ibyo hejuru.
• Agace ka 3: Umubyibuho ukabije: Igicuruzwa icyo ari cyo cyose kirenze urugero rw'ibicuruzwa.

Iri tsinda ni ryo shingiro ry'icyemezo cyo gutsindira cyangwa gutsindwa. Ibicuruzwa biri mu gace k' "uburemere bukwiye" ni byo byemerewe gutsindira. Kugira ngo ibyo byemezo bigerweho byizewe kandi byujuje amategeko, sisitemu zikora neza cyane zikorerwa isuzuma rikomeye. Zigomba kuzuza amahame mpuzamahanga yo gupima nka OIML R51, isobanura ibisabwa mu bya tekiniki ku bikoresho bipima byikora. Kubahiriza amategeko bikubiyemo gupima imashini ifite uburemere bwemewe kugira ngo hagaragazwe ko ikosa ryayo ry’icyitegererezo ari impuzandengo kandi ko gutandukana gusanzwe biri mu buryo bwemewe.

Intambwe ya 4: Kwanga no Gutanga amakuru mu buryo bwikora

Intambwe ya nyuma ikubiyemo gutondekanya ibicuruzwa hashingiwe ku cyemezo cy'umugenzuzi. Ibicuruzwa biva ku mukandara upima ibiro bijya ku mukandara usohoka. Iyo ibicuruzwa biri mu rugero rwemewe rw'uburemere, bikomeza ku murongo w'ibicuruzwa bikagera ku gice gikurikira.

Iyo umugenzuzi yavuze ko ibicuruzwa bifite ibiro bike cyangwa birengeje urugero, byohereza ikimenyetso ku buryo bwo kwanga uko ibicuruzwa bihita. Uwanze akoresha agakura ibicuruzwa bitujuje ibisabwa ku murongo, akenshi akabijyana mu bubiko cyangwa mu gikoresho cyihariye. Iyi gahunda yose iba mu buryo bwikora idatinze umusaruro.

Gufata ibicuruzwa byanzwe bisaba amabwiriza akomeye yo kugenzura ubuziranenge kugira ngo bikomeze kubahiriza amategeko no gukumira amakosa. Amabwiriza asanzwe agenga inganda atuma ibintu byanzwe bicungwa neza.

1. Gushyira amazina no gutandukanya: Abakozi bashinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bashyiraho ikimenyetso ku bikoresho byanze. Hanyuma ibintu byimurirwa mu cyumba cyabigenewe, gifunze "icyumba cy'ibikoresho byanze" kugira ngo birinde kuvanga n'ibicuruzwa byiza.
2. Inyandiko: "Raporo yo kwanga" irakorwa ikoherezwa mu bubiko n'ishami rishinzwe kugura. Urutonde rw'ibintu byose byanze rugaragara mu cyumba cyo kwanga.
3. Icyemezo cyo Gufata Ingingo: Ishami rishinzwe kugura ni ryo rifata icyemezo cyo gusubiza ibikoresho ku mucuruzi cyangwa kubitsemba.
4. Gusubira cyangwa Kurimbuka: Iyo bisubijwe, ububiko busubiza ibikoresho ku wabitanze hamwe n'impapuro zikwiye. Iyo byangiritse, abayobozi buzuza "Inyandiko yo gusenya" kandi igasinywaho. Hanyuma ibikoresho birangirika imbere y'abakozi bashinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge n'umutekano.

Guhuza neza icyuma gitwara imizigo, icyuma gitwara imizigo, icyuma gigenzura imizigo, n'icyuma gihanagura imizigo bituma uburyo bwo kugenzura ibiro bukora neza. Ubu buryo butanga igenzura ry’ibiro 100% mu gihe nyacyo, byubaka icyizere cy’abaguzi kandi bugakingira izina ry’ikirango. Ingendo z’ejo hazaza nka AI na X-ray zisezeranya imikorere myiza n’igenzura ry’ubuziranenge ku bakora.