Gukemura Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Ukoresheje Udupira Duto two Gupima Udupaki

Udupaki duto two gupima ni ingenzi mu kwemeza uburemere bw'ibicuruzwa mu nganda nk'ibiribwa, imiti n'amavuta yo kwisiga. Ubuziranenge bwabyo bugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku ireme ry'ibicuruzwa, kubahiriza amategeko n'inyungu. Ariko, kimwe n'imashini zose zikora neza, zishobora guhura n'ibibazo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere. Gusobanukirwa ibi bibazo bikunze kugaragara n'ibisubizo byabyo ni ingenzi mu gukomeza gukora neza no mu buryo bunoze.

Hasi hari ubuyobozi bwuzuye bwo gukemura ibibazo bisanzwe Agakoresho ko gusuzuma agapaki gakoresha ikoranabuhanga ibibazo:

Isuzuma ry'uburemere ritari ryo cyangwa ridahuye

1. Ibibazo byo gupima
Gupima nabi mbere cyangwa guhindagurika kw'ibipimo uko igihe kigenda. Gukoresha uburemere bw'ikizamini buri munsi ya 50% by'uburemere bw'ibicuruzwa bunini cyane (buri munsi ya 50% by'uburemere bw'ibicuruzwa) cyangwa buremereye cyane (burenze ubushobozi bw'uturemangingo tw'umutwaro) bishobora gutuma gupima binanirwa cyangwa bikangirika.

Igisubizo: Tegura ibyawe Sisitemu yo gutwara ibintu mu isashe ukoresha buri gihe uburemere bwemewe bw’ibizamini. Menya neza ko uburemere bw’ibizamini bujyanye n’ubushobozi bw’igipimo n’ingano y’uburemere bw’ibicuruzwa. Kurikiza witonze inzira zo gupima zisabwa n’uwakoze, harimo gushyiraho zeru na zeru ikora. Iyo gupima binaniranye kenshi cyangwa bigatemba, akazu k’imizigo gashobora kwangirika.

2. Ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije
Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, ubushuhe cyangwa urujya n'uruza rw'umwuka (urujya n'uruza rw'umwuka) rishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo bufatika bw'akaremangingo k'umutwaro.

Umuti: Guma ibidukikije hafi y'aho agapaki ko gusuzuma umuvuduko wo hejuru Ihamye. Menya neza ko ahantu hatagira imiyoboro ituruka kuri sisitemu ya HVAC cyangwa amadirishya afunguye. Genzura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe; ubusanzwe, ubushuhe bugomba kuba hagati ya 30% na 85%, ariko reba ibisobanuro bya mashini kugira ngo ubone ingano nziza.

3. Kunyeganyega no kwivanga kw'ibintu byo hanze:

Gutigita kw'imashini ziri hafi aho, ahantu hadakora neza, cyangwa se gukora ku bindi bikoresho bishobora gutera imiterere idasobanutse neza.

Umuti: Menya neza ko agakoresho gato ko kugenzura ipaki ishyizwe ku musingi ukomeye, uringaniye kandi uhamye. Itandukanye n'izindi mashini zinyeganyega uko bishoboka kose. Reba ahantu hose hahurira abantu hagati Sisitemu yo gupima ibiro by'agasashe n'ibindi bice by'umurongo.

4. Aho ibicuruzwa biherereye n'uko byagaragajwe

Udupaki ntabwo dushyirwa hagati ku cyuma gitwara ibintu, turafatanye, ntiduhindagurika, cyangwa ngo dukwirakwize uburemere bungana (urugero: duhengamye).

Umuti: Hindura amabwiriza y'ibiryo n'umuvuduko w'ibicuruzwa kugira ngo urebe neza ko imifuka iri ku gipimo ihora ingana kandi ko ishyirwa hagati. Menya neza ko ibicuruzwa bigenda neza kandi ko ibicuruzwa bihamye uko binyura mu gipimo. Niba imifuka ikunda gufatana, reba niba ibikoresho bisohoka cyangwa hari aho bishobora kuziba.

5. Akazu k'umutwaro kanduye cyangwa urwego rwo gupima:
Umukungugu w'ibicuruzwa, imyanda cyangwa ubushuhe byirundanyije ku gasanduku k'imizigo cyangwa munsi y'aho bipimirwa bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo buboneye bwo kubisoma.
Umuti: Kurikiza gahunda ikomeye yo gusukura buri munsi. Mbere yo gusukura, zimya imashini hanyuma uyikuremo. Hanagura witonze isafuriya ipima, shyira ahagaragara n'ahantu horoshye ukoresheje igitambaro cyoroshye n'isabune yoroheje. Irinde gukoresha imiti ihumanya cyangwa amazi menshi.

6. Imikandara/iminyururu yangiritse cyangwa yangiritse:
Umukandara/umukandara wo gukurura urekuye, warambitse, washaje cyangwa wangiritse ushobora gutuma ibicuruzwa bigenda nabi, ibyo bikaba byatuma ibicuruzwa biremereye cyangwa bikagenda nabi.
Umuti: Reba buri gihe imikandara n'iminyururu bya conveyor kugira ngo birebe ko byangiritse, byacitse cyangwa byarananutse. Menya neza ko byacitse neza (bitagomba gufunga cyane, bitagomba kurekura cyane). Hitamo ibice byashaje ako kanya. Sukura imikandara ya conveyor buri gihe kugira ngo wirinde ko ibicuruzwa byiyongera.

Ikibazo cyo kwanga ipaki
Itsinda agapaki gato k'imashini ipima uburemere abonye ikibazo ariko ananirwa kwanga agafuka, cyangwa yanga agafuka keza.

1. Uburyo bwo kwanga budafite ishingiro:
Imashini ikoresha umuyaga, ukuboko gusunika cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kwanga ntabwo bukora cyangwa ntibwakora neza. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'ikibazo cy'amashanyarazi, kuziba kwa mekanike, cyangwa ikibazo cya sensor.
Igisubizo:
Reba amashanyarazi atangwa n'uburyo bwo kwanga.
Reba niba hari imbogamizi zifatika zibuza inzira yo kwanga.
Gerageza uburyo bwo kwanga igikoresho n'intoki ukoresheje paneli igenzura.
Emeza igenamiterere ry'igihe n'igihe byanze.
Menya neza ko valve ya solenoid (ikoreshwa mu gusohora umwuka) cyangwa moteri (ikoreshwa mu gusunika) ikora neza.
2. Ikosa ryo gukora ifoto/sensor:
Akamashini gapima (photoeye) gakoreshwa mu kumenya aho agafuka kari, aho gaherereye, cyangwa aho gaca mu gice gipimirwa ni umwanda, kari mu murongo utari wo, cyangwa gafite ikibazo.
Igisubizo:
Sukura lenzi ya sensor buri gihe ukoresheje igitambaro cyoroshye.
Menya neza ko ijisho ry'ifoto rihagaze neza.
Reba imiterere y'uburyo sensor ihagaze muri panel igenzura.
Niba isuku no gushyira hamwe bidakemuye ikibazo, sensor ishobora gukenera gusimbuzwa.
3. Igenamiterere rya porogaramu cyangwa parametero:
Imipaka y'uburemere (iyo hejuru/iyo hasi), imipaka yo kwangwa, cyangwa ibipimo by'igihe byashyizweho nabi muri porogaramu.
Igisubizo: Suzuma ibipimo byose by'ibicuruzwa muri Human Machine Interface (HMI). Menya neza ko imipaka yo kwangwa yagenwe neza hakurikijwe uburemere bw'igikapu runaka n'uburyo bwemewe bwo kwihanganira. Reba imiterere y'igihe cyo kwangwa kugira ngo urebe neza ko igikapu kiri aho cyangwa neza iyo kimaze gukoreshwa.

Imashini ntizayikoresha cyangwa ngo ikore
Itsinda agakoresho ko kugenzura imifuka gakoresha ikoranabuhanga nta kibazo na kimwe gihari cyangwa afite ibibazo by'amashanyarazi rimwe na rimwe.

1. Ibura ry'amashanyarazi: Insinga y'amashanyarazi irekuye, firizi yahumye, umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi waguye, cyangwa ikibazo cy'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu kigo (urugero: kwiyongera k'amashanyarazi, ubutaka budakomeye).
Igisubizo:
Emeza ko icyuma cyo kugenzura neza cyane ishyirwa neza mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi uhoraho.
Genzura ko imiyoboro yose y'insinga z'amashanyarazi ihamye.
Reba ibyuma biri imbere muri mashini hanyuma usimbuze ibyuma byaturitse n'ibikoresho bifite amanota meza.
Reba ibikoresho byo gufunga amashanyarazi by'ikigo.
Menya neza ko amashanyarazi akoreshwa neza kugira ngo akore neza. Niba ikibazo kigikomeje, saba umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi.

2. Buto yo guhagarara mu gihe cy'impanuka irakora:
Akabuto ko guhagarika byihutirwa kakanzwe, bituma igikoresho kidakora.
Igisubizo: Kanda cyangwa kanda buto yo guhagarika byihutirwa kugira ngo uyisubizeho.

Ikosa rya porogaramu cyangwa ubutumwa bw'ikosa
HMI igaragaza kode y'ikosa, igahagarara, cyangwa igakora nabi.

1. Ikosa rya porogaramu cyangwa igenamiterere ryangiritse
Ikosa ridasanzwe rya porogaramu, dosiye zangiritse mu buryo bwo gushyiraho, cyangwa amakosa.
Igisubizo: Komeza gusubiza sisitemu cyangwa wongere utangire umuvuduko wo hejuru n'ubuziranenge bwo kugenzuraNiba ikibazo kigikomeje, tekereza kongera gushyira porogaramu kuri kopi y’inyuma (niba ihari) cyangwa ugane ubufasha bwa tekiniki kugira ngo uvugurure/wongere uyishyiremo.
2. Uburyo bw'ibicuruzwa butari bwo bwatoranyijwe
Umukozi yahisemo resept cyangwa icyitegererezo cy'ibicuruzwa bitari byo mu gihe cy'umusaruro uri gukorwa ubu.
Igisubizo: Emeza ko icyitegererezo cy'igicuruzwa gikwiye (hamwe n'ibipimo byose by'uburemere n'imiterere yacyo) gifunguye kuri HMI.
3. Ibibazo by'itumanaho cyangwa urusobe rw'itumanaho:
Niba agakoresho ko kugenzura umugozi w'umusaruro w'agapaki ishyizwe muri sisitemu nini yo kugenzura (SCADA, MES), amakosa yo mu itumanaho ashobora kubaho.
Igisubizo: Reba insinga y'umuyoboro, aderesi ya IP, n'igenamiterere rya protocole y'itumanaho. Niba ikibazo kijyanye no guhuza umuyoboro, saba impuguke mu by'ikoranabuhanga cyangwa ikoranabuhanga.
4. Gukomeza kubungabunga ibintu mu buryo bukenewe
Gukomeza kubungabunga buri gihe ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo gukumira ibisanzwe agakoresho ko gusuzuma uburemere bw'agasashe gakora ku buryo bwikora gutsindwa.


Mu gusobanukirwa izi mbogamizi zisanzwe no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kubungabunga, ushobora kwemeza ko agapaki ko gusuzuma uburemere Ikora neza kandi neza, irinda ireme ry'ibicuruzwa kandi ikagira uruhare rwiza mu gutuma uruganda rwawe rukora neza. Niba ushidikanya, buri gihe reba igitabo cy'amabwiriza cy'umukoresha wawe cyangwa uhamagare ubufasha bwa tekiniki bw'uruganda rubikora.
Twandikire